French Grammar: Nouns
Phrases
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Nouns
Unlike English, French nouns have a gender: they are either masculine (le) or feminine (la). Therefore words for the and a(n) must agree with the noun they accompany - whether masculine, feminine or plural:
If the noun begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o or u) or an unsounded h, le and la shorten to l', i.e. l'avion (m), l'école (f), l'hôtel (m). note: le and les used after the prepositions à (to, at) and de (any, some, of) contract as follows:
There are some broad rules as to noun endings which indicate whether they are masculine or feminine: Generally masculine endings: -er, -ier, -eau, -t, -c, -age, -ail, -oir, -é, -on, -acle, -ège, -ème, -o, -ou. Generally feminine endings: -euse, -trice, -ère, -ière, -elle, -te, -tte, -de, -che, -age, -aille, -oire, -ée, -té, -tié, -onne, -aison, -ion, -esse, -ie, -ine, -une, -ure, -ance, -anse, -ence, -ense. nouns - plurals The general rule is to add an s to the singular:
Exceptions occur with the following noun endings: -eau, -eu, -al
Nouns ending in s, x, or z do not change in the plural.
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