King of Italy MayJune 1946. When his father Victor Emmanuel III abdicated in May 1946, he was proclaimed king, and ruled 9 May13 June 1946. He was forced to abdicate as the monarchy's collusion in the rise of fascism made him highly unpopular, and a referendum decided in favour of a republic. He retired to Portugal, where he died.
Black, green, and yellow are the African National Congress (ANC) colours. Red, white, and blue are the colours of the former Dutch republics. Effective date: 27 April 1994.