Stalingrad, Siege of

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In World War II, German siege of Soviet city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) August 1942–January 1943. The siege of Stalingrad was a horrific campaign, with both sides sustaining heavy casualties – the Germans lost some 400,000 troops while there were over 750,000 Soviet military casualties and an unknown number of civilian deaths. The Germans were finally driven out by a massive Soviet counterattack launched in November 1942.

Yellow stands for grain and freedom from need. Green symbolizes the forests and hope. Red represents bloodshed and courage. Effective date: 20 March 1989. >>