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As a science, it originated when the Chevalier de Méré consulted Blaise Pascal about how to reduce his gambling losses. In 1664, in correspondence with another mathematician, Pierre de Fermat, Pascal worked out the foundations of the theory of chance. This underlies the science of statistics.
Blue represents the sky. The golden sun symbolizes the country's hopes for the future. Effective date: 4 June 1992.
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