mass extinction

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Event that produces the extinction of many species at about the same time. One notable example is the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods (known as the K-T boundary) that saw the extinction of the dinosaurs and other large reptiles, and many of the marine invertebrates as well. Mass extinctions have taken place frequently during Earth's history.

There have been five major mass extinctions, in which 75% or more of the world's species have been wiped out: End Ordovician period (440 million years ago) in which about 85% of species were destroyed (second most severe); Late Devonian period (365 million years ago) which took place in two waves a million years apart, and was the third most severe, with marine species particularly badly hit; Late Permian period (251 million years ago), the gravest mass Late Triassic (205 million years ago), in which about 76% of species were destroyed, mainly marine; Late Cretaceous period (65 million years ago), in which 75–80 of species became extinct, including dinosaurs.

Red and white are the national colours, derived from a 13th-century emblem bearing a white eagle on a red field. Effective date: 23 March 1956. >>