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In the UK, the 1829 Catholic Emancipation Act freed Roman Catholics from the civil disabilities imposed on them by English law. In 1861 the emancipation of Russian serfs was proclaimed.
In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln issued an edict freeing all slaves in the Confederate states, known as the Emancipation Proclamation; the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution declared the abolition of slavery throughout the USA.
The yellow of the emblem is said to denote Angola's natural wealth. Red is said to stand for the blood spilt by the freedom fighters. Black represents Africa. Effective date: 11 November 1975.
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