8th president of the USA 183741, a Democrat, who had helped establish the
Democratic Party. He was secretary of state 182931, minister to Britain 183133, vice-president 183337, and president during the Panic of 1837, the worst US economic crisis until that time, caused by land speculation in the West. Refusing to intervene, he advocated the establishment of an independent treasury, one not linked to the federal government, worsening the depression and losing the 1840 election.
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