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Sixteenth-century poor laws made parishes responsible for helping the poor within their boundaries. The 19th-century parish poor law unions found workhouses a more cost-effective way. An act of Parliament in 1834 improved supervision of workhouses, where conditions were sometimes harsh, and a new welfare legislation in the early 20th century made them redundant.
Blue stands for faith and loyalty, the sea, lakes, and the sky. Black represents past suffering and is the colour of the traditional peasant's jacket. White symbolizes virtue and enlightenment and is the colour of snow, birch bark, and the midnight sun. Effective date: 16 November 1990.
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