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In a chemical reaction, for each component there may be changes in energy due to change of physical state, changes in the nature of chemical bonds, and either an input or output of energy. However, there is no net gain or loss of energy. This is true outside of chemical reactions; for example the chemical energy of a battery is transferred into the electrical energy in a circuit, which can then be transferred into the heat and light energy of a bulb, but the total amount of energy is constant.
Black represents the occupation of foreigners, red represents the blood of freedom fighters, and green denotes Islam. In the middle of the flag is a mehrab, an arch in a mosque where the congregation stands, and a mender, a pulpit in a mosque. The mehrab and mender are both in white, and are enclosed by wheat. Effective date: 5 February 2002.
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