
Lederberg is a pioneer of genetic engineering, a science that relies on the possibility of artificially shuffling genes from cell to cell. He realized in 1952 that bacteriophages, viruses which invade bacteria, can transfer genes from one bacterium to another, a discovery that led to the deliberate insertion by scientists of foreign genes into bacterial cells.
The triangle signifies equality. The volcanos recall the five nations of the Central American Federation (CAF). Effective date: 27 August 1971.
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