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For a complex number, the absolute value is its distance to the origin when it is plotted on an Argand diagram, and can be calculated (without plotting) by applying Pythagoras' theorem. By definition, the absolute value of any complex number a + ib (where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1) is given by the expression:
Red and white are traditional colours, dating back to the flag of 19th-century Samoan king, Malietoa Laupepa. The Southern Cross constellation links Samoa to other countries in the southern hemisphere. Effective date: 4 July 1997.
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