Holy Roman Emperor from 1056. He was involved from 1075 in a struggle with the papacy. Excommunicated twice (1076 and 1080), Henry deposed
Gregory VII and set up the antipope Clement III (died 1191) by whom he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor 1084.
Late in his reign, Henry's sons Conrad and Henry (the future emperor Henry V) rebelled. Henry was forced to abdicate and took refuge in Liège, where he died.
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