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Trotskyism developed in an attempt to reconcile Marxist theory with actual conditions in Russia in the early 20th century, but it was never officially accepted within the USSR. Instead it found much support worldwide, primarily in countries of the developing world, and the Fourth International, which Trotsky founded 1938, has sections in over 60 countries.
The stars represent the five regions of Turkmenistan. The crescent symbolizes Islam. Effective date: 19 February 1997.
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