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Mao adapted communism to Chinese conditions, as set out in the Little Red Book (1960), in which he stressed the need for rural rather than urban-based revolutions in Asia; for reducing ruralurban differences; and for perpetual revolution to prevent the emergence of new elites. He advocated a mass line form of leadership, involving the broad mobilization of the people in economic, social, and political movements. He was also an advocate of a non-aligned strategy for the developing world, and helped to precipitate the Sino-Soviet split after 1960, which arose when the USSR withdrew military and technical support from China. His writings and thoughts dominated the functioning of the People's Republic 194976, and some 740 million copies of his Quotations have been printed to date, while his works as a whole total over 2,000 publications.
The flag was selected following a design competition. The waves represent the Pacific Ocean. Effective date: 12 July 1979.
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