German dramatist. He was a forerunner of expressionism with Frühlings Erwachen/The Awakening of Spring (1891), and Der Erdgeist/The Earth Spirit (1895) and its sequel Der Marquis von Keith. Die Büchse der Pandora/Pandora's Box (1904) was the source for Berg's opera Lulu.
Blue expresses patriotism and noble ideas. Red denotes bravery. White symbolizes peace and purity. The stars stand for the three island groups: Luzon, the Visayan, and Mindanao. Effective date: 25 March 1936.