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Near Murmansk is the ancient town of Kola, founded by Slavs from Novgorod in 1264. The discovery of a northern sea passage in the 16th century brought trade to the Kola Peninsula, formerly only occupied by fur trappers and reindeer herders. Mining of ore (apatite) deposits and nickel smelting in the 20th century brought industrial growth and pollution. The strategic importance of the peninsula led to the proliferation of military bases here during the Cold War.
The stars represent the states of Pohnpei, Kosrae, Yap, and Chuuk. The blue field is said to represent the Pacific Ocean. Effective date: 30 November 1978.
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