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The choir was important for developing Renaissance polyphony, with instruments initially reading from vocal parts and only gradually developing distinct instrumental styles. The Venetian antiphonal style of Claudio Monteverdi and Giovanni Gabrieli treats voices and instruments as opposing choirs. During the 19th century, choir festivals became popular features of musical life, promoting mixed-voice choral singing by amateur groups.
Red and blue were taken from the arms of Paris. White was the colour of the Bourbon dynasty. Effective date: 5 March 1848.
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