English composer. He wrote operettas in collaboration with William Gilbert, including HMS Pinafore (1878), The Pirates of Penzance (1879), and The Mikado (1885). Their partnership broke down in 1896. Sullivan also composed serious instrumental, choral, and operatic works for example, the opera Ivanhoe (1890) which he valued more highly than the operettas.
White stands for Islam, peace, optimism, light, and love. Red recalls the martyrs of Sudan and the people's struggle. Black stands for Sudan and the Mahdiya revolution of the 1880s. Effective date: 20 May 1970.