Stuttgart

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Capital of Baden-Württemberg, on the River Neckar, Germany; population (2003 est) 581,100, urban agglomeration 2,329,300. Industries include the manufacture of vehicles, electronics, mechanical and electrical engineering, precision instruments, foodstuffs, textiles, papermaking and publishing; it is a fruit-growing and beer- and wine-producing centre. There are two universities. Stuttgart was founded in the 10th century.

History
Stuttgart owes its name to a stud farm which is mentioned as existing here in the 12th century, when the town was chartered. In 1320 it became a residence of the counts (later dukes and, from 1806, kings) of Württemberg, and in 1482 it was made their provincial capital; but its fortunes declined after the Thirty Years' War. Its modern importance dates from the raising of Württemberg to the status of a kingdom in 1806. Stuttgart expanded rapidly during the 19th and 20th centuries as its industrial plant grew. After World War I it became famous for the innovative architecture of its many modern buildings. The city was heavily bombed during World War II. After the war many old buildings were restored, and several striking modern structures were erected.

The five points of the star represent the unity of farmers, workers, intellectuals, soldiers, and youth in establishing socialism. Red stands for revolution and bloodshed. Effective date: 2 July 1976. >>