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The Middle Urals contain the richest mineral deposits; iron, copper, chromium, nickel, precious stones, coal, oil, and asbestos are found here. It is one of the most industrialized regions of Russia. Perm, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg (formerly Sverdlovsk), Magnitogorsk, and Zlatoust are major industrial centres; iron and steel production is especially important.