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Ivan (IV) the Terrible, the grand duke of Muscovy, was crowned the first tsar of Russia in 1547. In 1721 Peter (I) the Great officially changed the title to emperor of all Russia as part of his efforts to reorganize and modernize his country on Western lines. However, the title of tsar continued in popular use for subsequent Russian rulers until Nicholas II was deposed by the Russian Revolution in 1917.
The colours are derived from the state coat of arms of 1364. The Scandinavian cross is taken from the Danish flag. Effective date: 22 June 1906.
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