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Born in Calcutta, into a wealthy family, he began to write poetry as a child; his first book appeared when he was only 17 years old. After studying law in England, he returned to India, where he was probably the most important and popular author of the colonial era, writing poetry, short stories, novels, and plays. An ardent nationalist and advocate of social reform, he resigned his knighthood as a gesture of protest against British repression in India.
The number of stripes changed frequently until around 1800. Red, white, and blue became the colours of liberty and an inspiration for other revolutionary flags around the world. Effective date: 19 February 1937.
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