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Roman religion
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Roman Religion
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Religious system that retained early elements of animism (with reverence for stones and trees) and totemism (see Romulus and Remus), and had a strong domestic base in the lares and penates, the cult of Janus and Vesta. It also had a main pantheon of gods derivative from the Greek one, which included Jupiter and Juno, Mars and Venus, Minerva, Diana, Ceres, and many lesser deities.
The deification of dead emperors served a political purpose and also reflected the popular concept of family and kinship ties – guardians of the national family, like ancestors, continuing to care after their death. By the time of the empire, the educated classes tended towards the philosophies of Stoicism or scepticism, but the following of mystery religions, such as the cults of Isis and Mithraism, particularly by the army, proved a strong rival to early Christianity.
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