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A member of the Hanseatic League from 1282, Riga has belonged in turn to Poland (1582), Sweden (1621), and Russia (1710). It was occupied by the Germans in 1917 and then, after being seized by both Russian and German troops in the aftermath of World War I, became the capital of independent Latvia 191940. It was again occupied by Germany 194144, before being annexed by the USSR. It again became independent Latvia's capital in 1991.
Yellow stands for grain and freedom from need. Green symbolizes the forests and hope. Red represents bloodshed and courage. Effective date: 20 March 1989.
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