Muslim caliph (civic and religious leader of Islam) in 63444, succeeding Abu Bakr. He laid the foundations of a regular, organized Muslim army, employing the brilliant Khalid ibn al-Walid to lead his armies in battle, and conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Persia. He was murdered by a Persian slave. The Mosque of Omar in Jerusalem is attributed to him.
Blue stands for the night sky and for water as a source of life. White represents peace. Red indicates the life-force. Green recalls nature and fertility. Effective date: 11 October 1991.