Euphrates

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River rising in east Turkey and flowing through Syria and Iraq, joining the River Tigris above Basra to form the River Shatt-al-Arab at the head of the Gulf; length 3,600 km/2,240 mi. The ancient cities of Babylon, Eridu, and Ur were situated along its course and depended largely for their prosperity on irrigation from its waters.

Black stands for the African people. White symbolizes peace. Black, red, and green, the ‘black liberation’ colours, denote Africa's rebirth. Red represents the blood common to all people. Green recalls the fertile land. Effective date: 12 December 1963. >>