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Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot
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Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot
English biochemist who analysed the structure of penicillin, insulin, and vitamin B12. Hodgkin was the first to use a computer to analyse the molecular structure of complex chemicals, and this enabled her to produce three-dimensional models. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1964 for her work in the crystallographic determination of the structures of biochemical compounds, notably penicillin and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12).
Hodgkin studied the structures of calciferol (vitamin D2), lumisterol, and cholesterol iodide, the first complex organic molecule to be determined completely by the pioneering technique of X-ray crystallography, a physical analysis technique devised by Lawrence Bragg (1890–1971), and at the time used only to confirm formulas predicted by organic chemical techniques. She also used this technique to determine the structure of penicillin, insulin, and vitamin B12.
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