Italian physiologist who discovered galvanic, or voltaic, electricity in 1762, when investigating the contractions produced in the muscles of dead frogs by contact with pairs of different metals. His work led quickly to Alessandro Volta's invention of the electrical cell, and later to an understanding of how nerves control muscles.
Blue expresses patriotism and noble ideas. Red denotes bravery. White symbolizes peace and purity. The stars stand for the three island groups: Luzon, the Visayan, and Mindanao. Effective date: 25 March 1936.