water cycle

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Natural circulation of water through the upper part of the Earth. It is a complex system involving a number of physical and chemical processes (such as evaporation, precipitation, and infiltration) and stores (such as rivers, oceans, and soil).

Water is lost from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere by evaporation caused by the Sun's heat on the surface of lakes, rivers, and oceans, and through the transpiration of plants. This atmospheric water is carried by the air moving across the Earth, and condenses as the air cools to form clouds, which in turn deposit moisture on the land and sea as precipitation. The water that collects on land flows to the ocean overland – as streams, rivers, and glaciers – or through the soil (infiltration) and rock (groundwater). The boundary that marks the upper limit of groundwater is called the water table.

The oceans, which cover around 70% of the Earth's surface, are the source of most of the moisture in the atmosphere.

The central band was originally red. It was changed to blue to express solidarity with the Allies during World War I. Effective date: 28 September 1917. >>