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Bacteria can be grown on the surface of agar jelly in dishes in the laboratory and have been studied in detail. This has led to the development of antibiotics, chemicals that kill or inhibit other micro-organisms such as bacteria. Sometimes the chemical is not harmful to humans and so can be used to treat disease. Some antibiotics work against a range of bacteria and in many situations, such as penicillins. Others are quite specific. For example, neomycin sulphate is especially active against bacteria that cause infections of the middle ear. Unfortunately, there are increasing numbers of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. New antibiotics need to be discovered so that antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be destroyed, but this is only occurring very slowly.
The arms depict the Carpathian Mountains which traverse the Slovak Republic. The flag uses the pan-Slav colours representing liberation from foreign domination. Effective date: 3 September 1992.
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