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particle physics

Particle Physics

Study of the particles that make up all atoms, and of their interactions. More than 300 subatomic particles have now been identified by physicists, categorized into several classes according to their mass, electric charge, spin, magnetic moment, and interaction. Subatomic particles include the elementary particles (quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons), which are indivisible, so far as is known, and so may be considered the fundamental units of matter; and the hadrons (baryons, such as the proton and neutron, and mesons), which are composite particles, made up of two or three quarks. Quarks, protons, electrons, and neutrinos are the only stable particles (the neutron being stable only when in the atomic nucleus). The unstable particles decay rapidly into other particles, and are known from experiments with particle accelerators and cosmic radiation. See atomic structure.

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Estonia Flag

Estonia Flag
Blue stands for faith and loyalty, the sea, lakes, and the sky. Black represents past suffering and is the colour of the traditional peasant's jacket. White symbolizes virtue and enlightenment and is the colour of snow, birch bark, and the midnight sun. Effective date: 16 November 1990.

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