Sea route from the North Atlantic, around Asia, to the North Pacific, pioneered by the Swedish explorer Nils Nordenskjöld 187879 and developed by the USSR in settling Northern Siberia from 1935.
The blue and white triband is based on the flag of the Central American Federation (CAF), a grouping of African states imposed by the British government in 1953. The stars represent the Federation's five original members. Effective date: 18 January 1949.