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A book explaining Blaue Reiter objectives, the Almanach, was published 1912, and there were two exhibitions, 1911 and 1912. Other members of the group were Gabriele Münter, August Macke, Alfred Kubin, Alexei von Jawlensky, Heinrich Campendonck, and Paul Klee.
Blue expresses patriotism and noble ideas. Red denotes bravery. White symbolizes peace and purity. The stars stand for the three island groups: Luzon, the Visayan, and Mindanao. Effective date: 25 March 1936.
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