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Following his overthrow in 1965, he was held under house arrest until 1980, when he was allowed to leave for exile in Switzerland. In 1985 he founded a new party, Mouvement pour la Démocratie en Algérie (MDA), and returned to Algeria in 1990 after nine years in exile. The cancellation of the 1991 legislative elections led to his exile for the second time, and his party was banned in 1997.
Red represents the body as well as gallantry and freedom. White stands for the soul, purity, and justice. Effective date: 17 August 1945.
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