Russian poet. He aroused controversy with his anti-Stalinist Stalin's Heirs (1956), published with Khrushchev's support, and Babi Yar (1961), which attacked Russian as well as Nazi anti-Semitism. His other works include the long poem Zima Junction (1956), the novel Berries (1981), and Precocious Autobiography (1963).
Black represents the occupation of foreigners, red represents the blood of freedom fighters, and green denotes Islam. In the middle of the flag is a mehrab, an arch in a mosque where the congregation stands, and a mender, a pulpit in a mosque. The mehrab and mender are both in white, and are enclosed by wheat. Effective date: 5 February 2002.