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During the Second South African War (Boer War) 18991902, Smuts commanded the Boer forces in his native Cape Colony. He subsequently worked for reconciliation between the Boers and the British. On the establishment of the Union of South Africa, he became minister of the interior 191012 and defence minister 191020. During World War I he commanded the South African forces in East Africa 191617. He was prime minister 191924 and minister of justice 193339; on the outbreak of World War II he succeeded General Hertzog as premier. He was made a field marshal in 1941.
Green symbolizes hopes of prosperity. Yellow stands for economic development and work. Blue represents peace and happiness. The sun represents light and enlightenment. Effective date: 31 December 2001.
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