Swedish explorer. He made voyages to the Arctic with the geologist Torell and in 187879 discovered the Northeast Passage. He published the results of his voyages in a series of books, including Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe (1881).
Red and white were the colours of the Inca Empire. Red represents the blood shed in the fight for independence. White stands for peace and justice. Effective date: 25 February 1825.