Mill, John Stuart

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English philosopher and economist who wrote Principles of Political Economy (1848), On Liberty (1859), and Utilitarianism (1863), which promoted a version of the ‘greatest happiness for the greatest number’ principle in ethics.

Throughout the last half of the 19th century, right up to the publication of English economist Alfred Marshall's Principles (1890), Mill's Principles of Political Economy was the leading economic textbook of the English-speaking world. It drew its enormous appeal from its extensive coverage of contemporary economic issues, from its judicious blending of economic analysis and historical illustrations, from its radical tone contained within an orthodox framework, and from the reputation of Mill as a logician, philosopher, political theorist, and literary critic. Here was no mere economist but a ‘saint of liberalism’, and a figure that towered over the intellectuals of his time in almost every area of debate.

Black stands for the African people. White symbolizes peace. Black, red, and green, the ‘black liberation’ colours, denote Africa's rebirth. Red represents the blood common to all people. Green recalls the fertile land. Effective date: 12 December 1963. >>