German writer, a Swiss citizen from 1923. A conscientious objector in World War I and a pacifist opponent of Hitler, he published short stories, poetry, and novels, including
Peter Camenzind (1904),
Siddhartha (1922), and
Steppenwolf (1927). Later works, such as
Das Glasperlenspiel/The Glass Bead Game (1943), show the influence of Indian mysticism and Jungian psychoanalysis. Above all, Hesse was the prophet of individualism. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1946.
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