San Marino

San Marino

General Information
Geography
Government
Economy
Population
Health
Communications and media
Chronology


GENERAL INFORMATION

National name Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino/Most Serene Republic of San Marino Area 61 sq km/24 sq mi Capital San Marino Language Italian (official) Religion Roman Catholic 95% Time difference GMT +1 Major holidays 1, 6 January, 5 February, 25 March, 1 May, 28 July, 1 August, 3 September, 1 October, 1–2 November, 8, 25–26 December; variable: Corpus Christi, Easter Monday


GEOGRAPHY

Major towns/cities Serravalle, Faetano, Fiorentino, Borgo Maggiore, Domagnano Physical features the slope of Mount Titano Airports no international airports (the closest are at Rimini and Bologna, in Italy; a bus service connects San Marino with Rimini) Railways none; funicular service (1.5 km/1.0 mi) from the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore, Italy Roads total road network: 220 km/137 mi (2000)


GOVERNMENT

Heads of state and government Alessandro Mancini and Alessandro Rossi from 2007 Political system liberal democracy Political executive parliamentary Administrative divisions 12 districts Political parties San Marino Christian Democrat Party (PDCS), Christian centrist; Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) (formerly the Communist Party: PCS), moderate left wing; Socialist Party (PS), left of centre Death penalty abolished in 1865 Armed forces voluntary military forces and a paramilitary gendarmerie Conscription military service is not compulsory, but all citizens between the ages of 15 and 55 may be enlisted in certain circumstances to defend the state Health spend (% GDP) 5.9 (2004)


ECONOMY

Currency euro GDP (US$) 863 million (2001) Real GDP growth (% change on previous year) 2.2 (2002) GNI (US$) 653 million (2004 est) GNI per capita (PPP) (US$) 26,960 (2001) Consumer price inflation 3% (2002) Unemployment 3% (2004 est) Labour force 0.4% agriculture, 40.9% industry, 58.7% services (2004) Major trading partners maintains customs union with Italy (for trade data see Italy) Resources limestone and other building stone Industries cement, synthetic rubber, leather, textiles, ceramics, tiles, wine, chemicals, olive oil, tourism, postage stamps Exports wood machinery, chemicals, wine, olive oil, textiles, tiles, ceramics, varnishes, building stone, lime, chestnuts, hides. Principal market: Italy Imports consumer goods, raw materials, energy supply. Principal source: Italy 87% (2003) Arable land 16.7% (2006 est) Agricultural products wheat, barley, maize, grapes, olives, fruit, vegetables; viticulture; dairy farming


POPULATION

Population 29,300 (2006 est) Population growth rate -0.2% (2005–10) Population density (per sq km) 480 (2006 est) Urban population (% of total) 89 (2005 est) Age distribution (% of total population) 0–14 16%, 15–59 63%, 60+ 21% (2001 est) Ethnic groups predominantly Italian, Sanmarinese; about 11% are foreign citizens Life expectancy 78 (men); 85 (women) (2001 est) Child mortality rate (under 5, per 1,000 live births) 4 (2004) Education (compulsory years) 9 Literacy rate 99% (men); 98% (women) (2004 est)


HEALTH

Physicians (per 10,000 people) 25.1 (2004 est) Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) 7.2 (2002 est) Access to drinking-water source (% of total population) 100 (urban); 100 (rural) (2002)


COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA

Radios (per 1,000 people) 1,346 (1998 est) TV sets (per 1,000 people) 904 (2004 est)


CHRONOLOGY

c. AD 301 Founded as republic (the world's oldest surviving) by St Marinus and group of Christians who settled there to escape persecution. 12th century Self-governing commune. 1600 Statutes (constitution) provided for parliamentary form of government, based around the Great and General Council. 1815 Independent status of republic recognized by Congress of Vienna. 1862 Treaty with Italy signed; independence recognized under Italy's protection. 1945–57 Communist–Socialist administration in power, eventually ousted in bloodless ‘revolution’. 1957–86 Governed by series of left-wing and centre-left coalitions. 1971 Treaty with Italy renewed. 1992 Joined United Nations (UN). 2006 Christian Democratic Party (PDCS) remained largest parliamentary party in elections. 2007 Alessandro Mancini and Alessandro Rossi replaced Gian Franco Terenzi and Enzo Colombini as captains regent.


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