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The punched card was invented by French textile manufacturer Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801 to control weaving looms. The first data-processing machine using punched cards was developed by US inventor Herman Hollerith in the 1880s for the US census.
The flags of Qatar and Bahrain are very similar, reflecting the countries' historical links. The proportions of the Qatari flag are unique. Effective date: c. 1949.
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