Enlarge imageBy Estelle Shirbon
JAJI, Nigeria (Reuters) - The unexplained deaths of large numbers of birds in northern Nigeria fanned fears on Thursday that the H5N1 avian flu virus was spreading rapidly after it was detected in Africa for the first time.
Bird flu has killed at least 88 people since it reemerged in late 2003, most of the victims in east Asia. Indonesia said on Thursday that two women in their 20s had tested positive for the virus and were being treated at a specialist Jakarta hospital.
The virus has been spreading steadily westwards, killing four children in an outbreak in eastern Turkey last month and also claiming the life of a teenager in war-ravaged Iraq.
Greece said it had found an H5 bird flu virus in three swans and has sent samples to Britain to find out if it is the deadly H5N1 strain.
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If so, it would be the first confirmed case of H5N1 in wild birds in a European Union member state. The European Union said it would enforce precautionary measures in the affected areas from Friday to try to stop the virus spreading.
The World Health Organisation expressed concern over the arrival of the virus in the west African state of Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country.
Many observers say that African countries lack the health and disease control systems to contain the virus.
"Experience in several other countries has shown how quickly the H5N1 virus can spread and become firmly established in poultry," the WHO said in a statement.
Victims contract the virus through close contact with infected poultry.
But scientists fear that H5N1 could mutate into a form that passes easily from person to person, sparking a human influenza pandemic in which millions could die.
NIGERIA OUTBREAK
The unexplained poultry deaths in northern Nigeria raise the possibility that the virus has already spread from four big commercial farms to small farms and even households, posing a greater threat to human health.
"We are afraid that what happened at Sambawa Farms will happen here too. That’s why we went to the vet to get medicine," said farmer Mohammed Sanusi, who is treating his birds with medicine for intestinal infections, not bird flu.
The Agriculture Ministry said 45,000 chickens had died at Sambawa Farms in Kaduna state, and confirmed cases of H5N1 had also been found at two farms in the neighbouring Kano state and at one farm in Plateau state, which also borders Kaduna.
Nigerian authorities, backed by the WHO and UNICEF, plan to use a polio immunisation campaign this weekend to spread the word on bird flu.
"We are planning to tap into the polio network to pass on public education measures about bird flu," WHO spokeswoman Maria Cheng said.
"It’s a great opportunity for us to educate parents about prevention and the kinds of risks they should keep their children from," she added.
EUROPE PREPARES
To try to stop the virus spreading in Greece, the EU’s executive Commission said farms within a 3 km (2 mile) radius of the affected swans would need to disinfect structures housing poultry, as well as bringing in a host of other measures.
"The Commission will adopt tomorrow (Friday) a safeguard measure to ensure increased biosecurity on poultry farms in the concerned areas and improved disease awareness of poultry owners and their families," the EU executive said in a statement.
"Movements of poultry from the affected area to other holdings for slaughter will be subjected to rigorous additional controls."
Greece’s neighbour Bulgaria has also sent samples to Britain for testing after finding H5 in dead swans. A series of H5N1 outbreaks have already been confirmed in birds in Romania which shares a border with Bulgaria.
Officials are concerned the virus could spread west from eastern Europe as migratory birds return in the coming months.
The Dutch Farm Ministry said on Thursday it would order poultry producers to keep birds indoors from next month to prevent the threat of infection from migratory birds. Germany has announced similar measures.
(Additional reporting by Ade Rina in Jakarta, Stephanie Nebehay in Geneva, Alkman Granitsas in Athens, Kremena Miteva in Sofia and Anna Mudeva in Amsterdam)
