Scorpion stings and spider bites

Written by Dr Charlie Easmon, specialist adviser in travel medicine

Spider venom
Spider venoms have been chemically studied far less than snake venoms. The venom of the 'widow' family (Lactrodectus sp.), like some snake venoms, can disturb the electrical impulses from nerves to muscles, and thereby induce paralysis. The venom of the 'recluse' family (Loxosceles sp.) in particular causes local tissue damage and tissue death.

In principle, bites from the truly poisonous spiders should be treated like snake bites and a doctor should be consulted as soon as possible. The spider should be killed and taken along to the doctor for identification.

People at particular risk

People aged less than six years and more than 60 years.

People with cardiovascular disease.

People with a marked tendency towards allergic reactions.

Symptoms and danger signals

A stinging, slightly smarting pain is often felt at the site of the bite. The pain can sometimes be burning and violent. In some cases there is no immediate pain, but instead it comes on after 30 to 60 minutes. Blistering, bleeding under the skin and a convulsive sensation in the muscles may be felt. Later, local tissue death may occur, but this depends on the venom concerned.

General symptoms such as anxiety, a sensation of weakness, sweating, headache, dizziness, swelling around the eyes, skin rash, respiratory distress, nausea, salivation and vomiting are all possible.

Difficulty in maintaining muscle control and convulsions, which in the worst case can affect the muscles involved in swallowing and breathing.

Possibly allergic reactions with circulatory failure, shock and death.

First aid and treatment for spider bites

Ice cubes at the site of the bite may reduce the pain. In the case of bites from Loxosceles (the 'recluse' species), the ice should be packed, to avoid causing further damage to tissue.

Follow the guidelines for snake bites, including rapid transfer to a doctor or a hospital.

There is antiserum for several spider venoms and this treatment must be overseen by a doctor.

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