Skin cancer - basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma

- cancer in moles (malignant melanoma).
- the non-melanoma group (basal cell - and squamous cell carcinoma).

Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers and is on the increase, probably because of our increasing tendency to expose the skin to sunlight and ultraviolet lights used in tanning.

People of all ages can get skin cancer, but it is rare in children. Symptoms and treatment depend on the type of cancer.

What are basal cell and squamous cell cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the deep basal cell layer of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin). It is six to eight times more common than malignant melanoma.

It is often located in the face and on the neck. Basal cell carcinoma is not one of the most dangerous cancers but it must still be treated to avoid it spreading.

'Rodent ulcer' is an alternative term sometimes applied to basal cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma begins in a different layer of the epidermis. It is not as common as basal cell carcinoma and is typically found in places exposed to sunlight, like the face or neck.

Like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma is not among the most dangerous cancers but it can become dangerous if it is not treated in time.

What causes basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma?

Sunlight is a contributing factor in 90 per cent of the cases. The disease itself is usually triggered by damage to the skin caused by sun rays.

People who are exposed to large quantities of sun radiation can develop skin cancer as early as age 20 or 30 but most patients are older.

What are the symptoms of non-melanoma cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma The first warning signs may be small lumps, scar-like changes, or eczema-like changes on the skin. The first sign can also be a small sore with raised borders. It is a slow-growing cancer and it never spreads to other parts of the body.

Squamous cell carcinoma

The first sign can be a patch of scaly eczema. Later, a sore that can turn into a tumour may appear.

Squamous cell carcinoma grows faster than basal cell carcinoma especially when located near orifices - the eyes, ears, mouth, anus or the vagina. It may spread via the lymph vessels, but that is rare.

What are the warning signs?

- Sores that will not heal.
- Sores that grow bigger, or turn into tumours.
- Sores or tumours in or around the orifices should be watched carefully as these can behave aggressively.

What can be done at home?

- Avoid excessive exposure to the sun, especially the midday sun (from 11am to 2pm).
- Move into the shade and have a 'siesta' instead.
- Clothing and sun hats can protect the skin from the sun's harmful rays.
- Children must be protected from getting sunburn. Although the sunburn clears up nicely, the skin may have suffered damage that will become apparent later in life. Sunburn increases the risk of developing skin cancer.
- Consult your doctor if you have sores that will not heal.

The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. The material is in no way intended to replace professional medical care or attention by a qualified practitioner. The materials in this web site cannot and should not be used as a basis for diagnosis or choice of treatment. Conditions for use

© Copyright 1998 - 2009 NetDoctor.co.uk - All rights reserved