Pelvic examination

Reviewed by Dr Philip Owen, consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist

What is a pelvic examination?

Once the reasons for performing the examination have been explained, the doctor, nurse or midwife will usually want to examine the cervix first.

This is performed by passing a speculum into the vagina. The speculum looks a little like a duck's bill and allows the cervix to be seen clearly.

After this, the doctor, nurse or midwife will feel inside the vagina. One or two fingers are placed inside the vagina with the other hand flat on the lower abdomen.

In this manner it is possible to feel the womb, its size and how it is placed. If the ovaries are enlarged by cysts, then they can often also be felt. Throughout the examination, the woman will be asked whether she is feeling any pain or discomfort. Most women experience mild discomfort only.

Is it normal to be worried or embarrassed?

Most of us find it embarrassing to have highly personal examinations. This is understandable. Yet there are situations where procedures such as a pelvic examination are necessary.

Who needs a pelvic examination?

Young women might need to have a pelvic examination when they first start using contraception.

A pelvic examination would be considered a routine investigation in women complaining of irregular or heavy periods, painful periods or lower abdominal pain.

A pelvic examination is usually performed when a woman attends for a cervical smear (Pap smear).

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