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Trade Credit Insurance, an insurance policy more commonly referred to as credit insurance, came about at the end of the 19th century, and was further developed in Western Europe between the two world wars. The premise was that political, and not just commercial risk could adversely impact businesses, and in times of difficulty there needed to be an assurance that companies would be paid for the goods they provided - especially between countries. This need for assurance led to the development of the first credit insurers and the emergence of a multi-billion dollar global industry.
At its most fundamental, credit insurance provides your business with protection against the failure of your customer to pay their trade credit debts, i.e. money that is rightfully yours. Such a debt can arise as a result of your customer becoming insolvent (i.e. going bust) or because your customer fails to pay within an agreed credit period.
Say for example you have the opportunity to rapidly expand your business by exporting to a foreign country. You've done your due diligence but this is an emerging market and you can't be 100% sure that the exchange will go to plan. Credit insurance allows you to mitigate some of the risk involved in that new venture so that the worst case scenario is covered.
Credit Insurance will cover your company against loss from a variety of credit risks such as protracted default or insolvency. (This type of insurance should not be confused with such products as credit life or credit disability insurance, which insures individuals against loss of income so they can continue to meet their debt repayments.) Credit Insurance is only available to businesses. It can also include a component of 'political' risk insurance to insure the risk of non-payment by foreign buyers due to such issues as currency fluctuations or political unrest.
Credit insurance has a major role to play in encouraging international trade and fuelling business growth. It allows business owners to reduce the associated risks of conducting trade with either a company, or a country, that they might never have been involved with before.
In addition to increased risk of non-payment, international trade presents the problem of the time between product shipment and its availability for sale. The account receivable is similar to a loan and represents capital invested, and often borrowed, by the vendor. But this is not a secure asset until it is paid. If the customer's debt is credit insured the large risky asset becomes more secure. This asset may then be viewed as collateral by lending institutions. Credit extended against this collateral can thus be used to fund the expenses of the transaction and to produce more goods. Credit Insurance is, therefore, a trade finance tool.
Although Credit Insurance is often associated with protecting foreign or export transactions there has always been a large segment of the market that uses this receivables management product for domestic markets. Credit insurance will cover a business' entire turnover wherever it may be trading and will include political risks. However Credit Insurance can also cover a business' key accounts or exceptional losses. As companies consolidate their customer base, creating larger receivables from fewer customers, the risk should one of those customers default is substantial. Credit Insurance is one way to minimise your business' exposure.
Nigel Kerr, Senior Risk Analyst at Euler Hermes UK explains: "On average, companies are estimated to have 40% of their current assets in the form of trade debtors, and research has shown consistently that companies are unable to predict the vast majority of failures to which they are exposed. Indeed it is estimated that up to 50% of all failures concern customers that were previously considered to be both long standing and prompt paying. It is a sobering thought that even the customer you thought you knew best of all could inadvertently end up being your downfall."
As well as the security that credit insurance provides, Nigel also stresses a number of positive advantages in supporting business growth: "A positive aspect of credit insurance is that it assists you with targeting your sales effort, focusing on profitable buyers and markets, and avoiding financially weak customers or politically unstable export territories," he says. "It also positively impacts on your balance sheet by reducing a company's bad debt provision, thereby releasing tied-up capital that can be invested elsewhere."
So whether you are looking to expand business opportunities overseas, but are unsure of your trade partner or economic conditions of the country, or whether you are consolidating your client base and are concerned that too many eggs are in too few baskets, credit insurance could be the perfect way to maintain profitable growth without losing sleep at night!